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Everything Is Different Under The Sea

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Any self respecting individual who has tried navigating underwater will tell you that the experience is absolutely new and for the first timers will definitely be confusing. It is quite easy to get yourself lost in an underwater environment.

Unlike in the land of navigation where you only need to find visible and familiar landmarks and natural indicators like the sun, when you're underwater there are a lot of factors that you need to consider. The first things that come to mind are buoyancy, safety, available time, depth, air, currents, poor visibility, untraceable sounds, the 3D world plus you have to take care of your buddy which is very important in diving.

Unlike surface navigation, underwater navigation often time involves crude maps that were drawn by divers who have been to the area before. If you have seen one, most of the time it includes landmarks, corals or manmade objects that were placed underwater.

Most of the time the terrain pretty much looks the same, are highly irregular and at times even totally unpredictable.

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The key in underwater navigation is to dive often and learn the basics, retraining them every time you get the chance. Usually there are two major ways divers navigate underwater. The first method is called dead reckoning which involves following a compass bearing in a specific direction.

You keep track of your speed and the time as well. Underwater currents and some other factors, like a diver's swimming technique and errors in holding a course, will affect how accurate the diver's actual course from the diver's dead reckoning.

The second method of underwater navigation is pilotage. With pilotage, any inaccuracies that occur from the dead reckoning method will be compensated.

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Pilotage involves navigating underwater using both natural and artificial features of the terrain as guide. Regardless of how crude or how good the chart, pilotage will allow the diver to follow underwater contours, gullies, reefs, kelp borders and a whole wide range of underwater terrain and obstacles.

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A diver who attempts to navigate underwater will need a good, quality underwater compass. Aside from the compass, a diver needs to have a map. Make sure that you mark on the map pertinent information like depths to the bottom, location of the dive boat or the point of entry from the shore, if the information is available.

Nowadays, underwater navigation can also be aided by electronic maritime underwater devices that use sound waves in the water to determine position, direction and distance. Although, this equipment is more often used to assist underwater vessels than on an individual diver, the concept of underwater navigation equipment follows three principles, the super short base line, the short base line, and the long base line.

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Ainuddin Mohamad is the Webmaster of the Online Reading Center at http://onlinereadingcenter.com which features online reading resources.